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CSS | CSS Classes | CSS FAQ

Cascading Style Sheets: FAQ

CSS FAQ: Table of Contents
  1. What is CSS?
  2. What are style sheets?
  3. What is an external style sheet? How to link?
  4. What is embedded style? How to link?
  5. What is inline style? How to link?
  6. What is an imported style sheet? How to link?
  7. How do I combine multiple style sheets into one?
  8. Are style sheets case-sensitive?


1. What is CSS?

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and is a simple styling language which allows attaching style to HTML elements. Every element type as well as every occurance of a specific element within that type can be declared an unique style, e.g. margins, positioning, color or size.

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2. What are style sheets?

Style Sheets are templates, very similar to templates in desktop publishing applications, containing a collection of rules declared to various selectors (elements).

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3. What is an external style sheet? How to link?

External Style Sheet is a template/document/file containing style information which can be linked with any number of HTML documents. This is a very convenient way of formatting the entire site as well as restyling it by editing just one file.

The file is linked with HTML documents via the LINK element inside the HEAD element. Files containing style information must have extension .css, e.g. style.css.

<HEAD>
<LINK rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css">
</HEAD>

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4. What is embedded style? How to link?

Embedded style is the style attached to one specific document. The style information is specified as a content of the STYLE element inside the HEAD element and will apply to the entire document.

<HEAD>
<STYLE type="text/css">
<!--
P {text-indent: 10pt}
-->
</STYLE>
</HEAD>

Note: The styling rules are written as a HTML comment, that is, between <!-- and --> to hide the content in browsers without CSS support which would otherwise be displayed.

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5. What is inline style? How to link?

Inline style is the style attached to one specific element. The style is specified directly in the start tag as a value of the STYLE attribute and will apply  exclusively to this specific element occurance.

<P STYLE="text-indent: 10pt">Indented paragraph</P>

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6. What is an imported style sheet? How to link?

Imported Style Sheet is a sheet that can be imported to (combined with) another sheet. This allows creating one main sheet containing declarations that apply to the whole site and partial sheets containing declarations that apply to specific elements (or documents) that may require additional styling. By importing partial sheets to the main sheet a number of sources can be combined into one.

To import a style sheet or style sheets include the @import notation or notations in the STYLE element. The @import notations must come before any other declaration. If more than one sheet is imported they will cascade in order they are imported - the last imported sheet will override the next last; the next last will override the second last, and so on. If the imported style is in conflict with the rules declared in the main sheet then it will be overridden.

<LINK rel="stylesheet" href="main.css" type="text/css"> <STYLE type="text=css"> <!-- @import url(http://www.and.so.on.partial1.css); @import url(http://www.and.so.on.partial2.css); .... other statements --> </STYLE>

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7. How do I combine multiple sheets into one?

To combine multiple/partial style sheets into one set the TITLE attribute taking one and the same value to the LINK element. The combined style will apply as a preferred style, e.g.:

<LINK rel="stylesheet" href="default.css" TITLE="combined">
<LINK rel="stylesheet" href="fonts.css" TITLE="combined">
<LINK rel="stylesheet" href="tables.css" TITLE="combined">

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8. Are style sheets case sensitive?

No. Style sheets are case insensitive. Whatever is case insensitive in HTML is also case insensitive in CSS. However, parts that are not under control of CSS, such as font family names and URLs, may be case sensitive; IMAGE.gif and image.gif is not the same file.

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